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堆(dui)肥發(fa)酵的原理、方法及優缺(que)點：

①原(yuan)理：發酵槽(cao)堆肥法是將含水量65%左(zuo)右(you)的新鮮(xian)糞便放(fang)入塑料(liao)大棚(peng)遮(zhe)蓋(gai)的糞床中，攪(jiao)拌機(ji)往復行走，并強制(zhi)通風排濕。糞便一(yi)方面利用其中的好氧性菌(jun)進行發酵，一(yi)方面借助于太(tai)陽能、風能得以干燥，經過(guo)25天左(zuo)右(you)可以完成發酵腐熟過(guo)程。

②方法：發酵槽堆肥基本由四部分組成發酵槽、攪拌機械、通氣裝置和發酵大棚車間）。使用通氣裝置可以加快發酵速度，但是耗電量大，有些發酵槽堆肥不用通氣裝置，只通過攪拌來提供氧氣。發酵槽的形式有跑道形、直線形、圓形，目前市場上大部分為直線形，長40~50米，為了提高設備利用率，提高處理量，大都采用并聯式發酵槽，般為2~4個槽，.多可達6個槽，共用1套攪拌機械，用1臺移行車實現攪拌機構在槽與槽之間的移動。在堆肥過程中，攪拌機構在發酵槽的軌道上移動，從入口端移到出口端，把糞便完整地攪拌一遍，同時把糞便向出口端推移一定距離，再從出口端返回，如此周而復始，.終完成發酵過程。
為(wei)了充分(fen)利用(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)，發(fa)酵大棚(peng)(peng)（車間）覆蓋材料用(yong)玻璃鋼、陽(yang)(yang)光板、塑料薄膜，白天陽(yang)(yang)光充足時，放(fang)置(zhi)于(yu)大棚(peng)(peng)內的物料相當于(yu)蓄(xu)能(neng)劑，吸(xi)收大量(liang)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)，夜晚溫度(du)(du)降低時熱量(liang)緩慢釋放(fang)。在東北等寒冷地區利用(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)難以達到發(fa)酵所需的溫度(du)(du)時，發(fa)酵大棚(peng)(peng)內需要增加供(gong)暖設備(bei)進行局(ju)部加溫。發(fa)酵槽(cao)做(zuo)成半地下式也有利與(yu)冬季(ji)保溫。

③優缺(que)點(dian)(dian)：這種(zhong)堆肥方式優點(dian)(dian)是受天氣影(ying)響小、占地面積小、周期短、節省人力，缺(que)點(dian)(dian)是成本高、操(cao)作難度(du)大(da)，攪(jiao)拌機與堆料接觸部分高速旋轉易磨損，且(qie)與糞便混合(he)物直(zhi)接接觸容易被腐蝕，需要進行維護(hu)和更換。

④適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)條件：適(shi)(shi)合大(da)規模的豬場、牛場和雞場。

⑤分(fen)類：根據攪拌原理和(he)設備(bei)特點，攪拌機主(zhu)要分(fen)3類：

深槽發酵攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)機該設(she)備由行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)、攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)、螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器、液壓系統(tong)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控制系統(tong)等(deng)(deng)部分(fen)組成(cheng)。行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)放置在發酵槽軌(gui)道(dao)上，可(ke)以(yi)沿(yan)軌(gui)道(dao)縱向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)放置在行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)的(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)軌(gui)道(dao)上，可(ke)以(yi)沿(yan)軌(gui)道(dao)橫向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器懸掛在攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)上，有一對可(ke)垂直(zhi)升降且相向(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉的(de)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)，螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器既可(ke)以(yi)隨著攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)橫向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，又可(ke)以(yi)隨著行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)縱向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，液壓系統(tong)提供行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)縱向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)橫向(xiang)(xiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)及螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器垂直(zhi)升降所(suo)需動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控制系統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)控制設(she)備的(de)工作間隔時間、行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)車(che)和攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)車(che)的(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速度及螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)攪(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器的(de)傾斜(xie)角度等(deng)(deng)。